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Kaemmererite (Clinochlore)
Kaolinite
Luster is earthy.Transparency: Crystals are translucent.
Crystal System is triclinic; 1.
Crystal Habits include foliated and earthy masses. Crystals of any size are quite rare, usually microscopic.
Cleavage is perfect in one direction, basal.
Fracture is earthy.
Specific Gravity is 2.6 (average).
Streak is white.
Other Characteristics: Clay like properties when water is added.
Associated Minerals include fluorite, microcline, pyrite, hemimorphite, augite, dickite, halloysite, montmorillonite, quartz, muscovite and other clays.
Notable Occurrences are spread around the world including the type locality of Kao-Ling, Jianxi, China as well as Cornwall and Devon, England; Haute-Vienne, France; Near Dresden, Saxony, Germany; Donets Basin, Ukraine; Huberdeau, Quebec, and near Walton, Nova Scotia, Canada and in the United States at Macon, Georgia; Dixie Clay Company Mine, South Carolina; near Webster, North Carolina; Arkansas; Mesa Alta, New Mexico and Sterling Hill, New Jersey.
Best Field Indicators are habit, softness, color, luster and clay like properties.
Colors: white, colorless, greenish, yellow
Hardness: 1.5 to 2
Kermesite
Luster is adamantine.Transparency crystals are translucent to rarely transparent.
Crystal System is triclinic, bar 1 (pseudo-monoclinic).
Crystal Habits include sprays or tufts of aggregated prismatic crystals and as crusts.
Cleavage is perfect in one direction.
Specific Gravity is approximately 4.5 - 4.8+ (heavy for translucent minerals)
Streak is brownish red.
Associated Minerals include stibnite and various antimony oxides such as senarmontite, valentinite and stibiconite.
Notable Occurrences include Wolfe County, Quebec, Canada; Nova Scotia; Algeria and Sonora, Mexico.
Best Field Indicators are color, luster, associations, softness and streak.
Colors: cherry red to red
Hardness: 1 to 1.5
Kernite
Luster is vitreous to greasy.Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent.
Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m
Crystal Habits include short prismatic crystals, but is more commonly found in parallel aggregates resembling vein minerals.
Cleavage is perfect in two directions forming splintery fragments.
Fracture is splintery due to cleavage.
Specific Gravity is approximately 1.9+ (very low density)
Streak is white.
Associated Minerals are borax, ulexite, hydroboracite and other borate minerals.
Other Characteristics: slightly soluble in water.
Notable Occurrences include several localities in Kern Co., California, USA; Chile, and Turkey.
Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, associations, locality, density, splintery cleavage, and hardness.
Colors: white or gray to colorless
Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Kidwellite
Luster is vitreous.Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent.
Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m
Crystal Habits include compact encrusting aggregates, also massive and fibrous.
Cleavage is poor.
Fracture is fibrous.
Specific Gravity is approximately 2.5 - 3.4 (average to slightly above average).
Streak is green.
Associated Minerals include strengite, beraunite, dufrenite, rockbridgeite and limonite.
Notable Occurrences include Cornwall, England and Coon Creek Mine, Polk County, Arkansas, USA.
Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and streak
Colors: yellow-green, pale green or yellow
Hardness: 3 to 4
Kinoite
Luster is vitreous.Transparency specimens are transparent to translucent
Crystal System is monoclinic.
Growth Habits include small acicular to thin prismatic crystals found as spherules or sprays of acicular radial crystal clusters.
Other habits include massive and as crusts. Hardness is varies from 2 - 5 depending on whether in crusts or individual crystals.
Specific Gravity is approximately 3.2 (above average for a non-metallic minerals)
Streak is blue.
Associated Minerals are apophyllite, stringhamite, copper, wollastonite, calcite, djurleite, bornite and chalcopyrite.
Notable Occurrences are the Santa Rita Mountains in Pima County and the Christmas Mine, Gila County, Arizona, USA and a few other secondary copper deposits. Best Field Indicators are color, crystal habit, locality and associations.
Colors: unique light blue for crusts and a deep blue in microcrystals
Hardness: varies greatly: 2 to 5
Kolwezite
Colors: black, green, brown Hardness: 4
Kornerupine
Green or greenish-brown.Enhances teaching ability, eloquence, communication and clarity.
Luster is vitreous.
Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent.
Crystal System is orthorhombic; 2/m 2/m 2/m
Crystal Habit is typically elongated prisms and as rounded grains in gem gravels.
Specific Gravity is 3.3+ (slightly heavier than average)
Streak is white.
Other Characteristics: Pleochroic yellowish-green to brownish-red and index of refraction is 1.66 and 1.69.
Associated Minerals include quartz, orthoclase, sapphire, chrysoberyl, ruby, topaz, zircon, spinel and other gemstones found in placer deposits.
Notable Occurrences is Ratnapura, Sri Lanka; Betroka, Madagascar; Harts Range, Australia; Kenya and the Nuuk area of Greenland.
Best Field Indicators are color, locality, pleochroism and hardness.
Colors: green, colorless, white, pink, yellow or brown
Hardness: 6 to 7
Kottigite
Luster is vitreous.Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent.
Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m
Crystal Habits include flattened striated blades or radiating accicular crystals, but crystals are uncommon.
More commonly as crusts or earthy masses.
Cleavage is perfect in one direction.
Fracture is uneven.
Specific Gravity is approximately 3.3 (average for translucent minerals)
Streak is pale brown.
Associated Minerals are limonite, smithsonite, adamite and other zinc minerals.
Other Characteristics: Blades are somewhat flexible.
Notable Occurrences include Mapimi, Durango, Mexico and Schneeberg, Germany.
Best Field Indicators are color, associations and crystal habit.
Colors: brown to reddish or white and gray
Hardness: 2.5 to 3
Kovdorskite
Luster is vitreous.Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent.
Crystal System is monoclinic; 2/m.
Crystal Habits include blocky to prismatic crystals with angular termination faces.
Cleavage: is absent.
Fracture: Conchoidal.
Specific Gravity is approximately 2.60 (slightly below average).
Streak is white.
Associated Minerals include dolomite, magnesite, hydrotalcite, pyrite, collinsite, bobierrite and manasseite.
Notable Occurrence is limited to the Kovdor Massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, locality, associations, low density and color.
Colors: pale blue, greenish blue and colorless, rarely pink to pale rose
Hardness: 4
Ktenasite
Luster is vitreous.Transparency: Specimens are translucent to transparent.
Crystal System is monoclinic.
Crystal Habits include small tabular crystals that can form rosettes and encrusting masses.
Cleavage is poor but discernible.
Fracture is uneven.
Hardness is 2 - 2.5
Specific Gravity is approximately 2.9 - 3.0 (average for non-metallic minerals).
Streak is pale green.
Associated Minerals include serpierite, glaucocerinite, smithsonite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and gypsum.
Notable Occurrences include the Kamaresa Mine, Laurium, Attiki, Greece; Norway and in the USA at sites in Colorado as well as at Bisbee and the 79 Mine of Arizona.
Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, associations and locality.
Colors: blue-green to green
Hardness: 2 to 2.5
Kulanite
Luster is vitreous.Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent.
Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1
Crystal Habits include flattened striated blades or radiating accicular crystals, but crystals are uncommon. More commonly as crusts or earthy masses.
Specific Gravity is approximately 3.9 (above average for translucent minerals)
Streak is white.
Notable Occurrences include Rapid Creek, Yukon Territory, Canada.
Best Field Indicators are color, locality, density and crystal habit
Colors: green to blue
Hardness: 4
Kunzite (spodumene)
This stone activates the heart chakra and is used to stimulate deep feelings of love, peace and relaxation.It is also said to dissolve negativity, promote maturity, increase sensuality, refresh the mind, deepen meditation and align the chakras.
Colors: white, pink, red, violet, transparent
Hardness: 6 to 7
Kupletskite
Luster is vitreous or submetallic to metallic, can be pearly on cleavage surfaces.Transparency: crystals are translucent to opaque.
Crystal System is triclinic; bar 1
Crystal Habits include small tabular, acicular or bladed crystals.
Also found in lamellar, micaceous or fibrous masses.
Cleavage is perfect in one direction, poor in another.
Fracture is uneven. v Specific Gravity is 3.2 - 3.4
Streak is pale brown.
Associated Minerals are quartz, nepheline, microcline, albite, calcite, natrolite, fluorite, eudialyte, ancylite, arfvedsonite, micas and aegirine.
Notable Occurrences include the Kola Peninsula, Russia and Mt St. Hilaire, Quebec, Canada.
Best Field Indicators: brittleness, cleavage, color, luster and localities.
Colors: bronze yellow or dark brown to black
Hardness: 3
Kutnohorite
Luster is pearly to vitreous to dull.Transparency crystals are translucent.
Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3
Crystal Habits include simple rhombs with curved faces, also massive and granular.
Cleavage is perfect in three directions forming rhombs.
Fracture is conchoidal.
Specific Gravity is 4.6 (above average for translucent minerals)
Streak is white to pale pink.
Notable Occurrences include Tuscany, Italy and Kank, Kutna Hora, Czech Republic.
Best Field Indicators are pink color, crystal habit and density.
Colors: pink or pinkish
Hardness: 3.5 to 4
Kyanite
Kyanite is a stone of channeling, altered states, vivid dreams, dream recall, and visualizations.It gives protection during these states.
It brings loyalty, honesty and tranquility, and diminishes anger and confusion.
Kyanite, like citrine, does not retain negative energy and never needs energetic cleansing.
It does align and balance all chakras, often very suddenly.
Kyanite can remove energy blockages.
Blue kyanite is associated with the throat chakra and is a boost to meditation.
Black kyanite is also a boost to meditation, and is associated with the root chakra.
Black kyanite is also very protective and deflects negativity.
Luster is vitreous to almost pearly.
Transparency crystals are transparent to translucent.
Crystal System is Triclinic; bar 1
Crystal Habits include flat, pinacoid dominated, prismatic crystals often embedded in metamorphic rocks and quartz veins.
Cleavage is good in one direction parallel to the flat pinacoid face.
Fracture is splintery.
Specific Gravity is approximately 3.58+ (above average)
Streak is white.
Associated Minerals are biotite, staurolite, garnets, quartz, andalusite and sillimanite.
Other Characteristics: Sometimes intergrown with staurolite.
Notable Occurrences include Brazil; North Carolina and Georgia, USA; Switzerland; Russia; Serbia; India and Kenya.
Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color, luster and unusual hardness.
Colors: from white to blue, occasionally pink, yellow or green stripes
Hardness: 4 to 7
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